Biological Classification

 

2.0 Introduction

1. Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R.H. Whittaker is not based on
(a) presence or absence of awell defined nucleus
(b) mode of reproduction
(c) mode of nutrition
(d) complexity of body organisation. (2014)
2. Maximum nutritional diversity is found in the group
(a) fungi
(b) animalia
(c) monera
(d) plantae. (2012)
3. In the five kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included in
(a) protista
(b) algae
(c) plantae
(d) monera. (Mains 2012)
4. In which kingdom would you classify the archaea and nitrogen-fixing organisms, if the five kingdom system of classification is used?
(a) Plantae
(b) Fungi
(c) Protista
(d) Monera (2003)
5. In five kingdom system, the main basis of classification is
(a) structure of nucleus
(b) mode of nutrition
(c) structure of cell wall
(d) asexual reproduction. (2002)
6. In the five kingdom system of classification, which single kingdom out of the following can include blue-green algae, nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic archaebacteria?
(a) Plantae
(b) Protista
(c) Monera
(d) Fungi (1998)
7. BGA (blue green algae) are included in which of the following groups?
(a) Bryophytes
(b) Prokaryotes
(c) Protista
(d) Fungi (1996)
8. An important criterion for modern day classification is
(a) resemblances in morphology
(b) anatomical and physiological traits
(c) breeding habits
(d) presence or absence of notochord. (1991)

2.1 Kingdom Monera

9. Match the organisms in column-I with habitats in
column-II.
Column-I Column-II
A. Halophiles (i) Hot springs
B. Thermoacidophiles (ii) Aquatic environment
C. Methanogens (iii)Guts of ruminants
D. Cyanobacteria (iv) Salty area
Select the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(ii)
(b) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
(c) A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)
(d) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i) (Odisha NEET2019)
10. Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?
(a) Eubacteria
(b) Cyanobacteria
(c) Mycobacteria
(d) Archaebacteria (NEET 2017)
11. Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen?
(a) Pseudomonas
(b) Mycoplasma
(c) Nostoc
(d) Bacillus (NEET 2017)
12. Which of the following components provides sticky character to the bacterial cell?
(a) Nuclear membrane
(b) Plasma membrane
(c) Glycocalyx
(d) Cell wall (NEET2017)
13. DNA replication in bacteria occurs
(a) within nucleolus
(b) prior to fission
(c) just before transcription
(d) during S phase. (NEET 2017)
14. Methanogens belong to
(a) eubacteria
(b) archaebacteria
(c) dinoflagellates
(d) slime moulds.

15. The primitive prokaryotes responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of ruminant animals, include the
(a) methanogens
(b) eubacteria
(c) halophiles
(d) thermoacidophiles. (NEET-I 2016)
16. Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in
(a) cell membrane structure
(b) mode of nutrition
(c) cell shape
(d) mode of reproduction. (2014)
17. Which of the following are likely to be present in deep sea water?
(a) Blue-green algae
(b) Saprophytic fungi
(c) Archaebacteria
(d) Eubacteria (NEET 2013)
18. Pigment containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are
(a) pneumatophores
(b) chromatophores
(c) heterocysts
(d) basal bodies. (NEET 2013)
19. The cyanobacteria are also referred to as
(a) protists
(b) golden algae
(c) slime moulds
(d) blue green algae. (2012)
20. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorisedas
(a) cyanobacteria
(b) archaebacteria
(c) chemosynthetic autotrophs
(d) heterotrophic bacteria. (2012)
21. In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cell is
(a) plasma membrane
(b) nucleus
(c) ribosomes
(d) cell wall. (2011)
22. Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic (pH 2) habitats belong to the two groups
(a) eubacteria and archaea
(b) cyanobacteria and diatoms
(c) protists and mosses
(d) liverworts and yeasts. (2010)
23. Select the correct combination of the statements (i-iv) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms.
(i) Methanogens are archaebacteria which produce methane in marshy areas.
(ii) Nostoc is a filamentous blue-green alga which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
(iii)Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose.
(iv) Mycoplasma lack a cell wall and can survive without oxygen.
The correct statements are
(a) (ii) and (iii)
(b) (i),(ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv). (Mains 2010)
24. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species
(a) Alternaria
(b) Erwinia
(c) Xanthomonas
(d) Pseudomonas. (2008)
25. Thermococcus, Methanococcus and Methano- bacterium exemplify
(a) bacteria whose DNA is relaxed or positively supercoiled but which have a cytoskeleton as well as mitochondria
(b) bacteria that contain a cytoskeleton and ribosomes
(c) archaebacteria that contain protein homologous to eukaryotic core histones
(d) archaebacteria that lack any histonesresembling those found in eukaryotes but whose DNA is negatively supercoiled. (2008)
26. Inthe light ofrecent classificationofliving organisms into three domains of life (bacteria, archaea and eukarya), which one of the following statements is true about archaea?
(a) Archaea completelydifferfrombothprokaryotes and eukaryotes.
(b) Archaea completely differ from prokaryotes.
(c) Archaea resemble eukarya in all respects.
(d) Archaea have some novel featuresthat are absent in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes .(2008)
27. Which one of the following statements about mycoplasma is wrong?
(a) They are pleomorphic.
(b) They are sensitive to penicillin.
(c) They cause diseases in plants.
(d) They are also called PPLO. (2007)
28. Curing of tea leaves is brought about by the activity of
(a) fungi
(b) bacteria
(c) mycorrhiza
(d) viruses. (2006)
29. All of the following statements concerning the actinomycetous filamentous soil bacterium Frankia are correct except that Frankia
(a) can induce root nodules on many plant species
(b) can fix nitrogen in the free-living state
(c) cannot fix specialized vesicles in which the nitrogenase is protected from oxygen by a chemical barrierinvolving triterpene hopanoids
(d) like Rhizobium, it usually infects its host plant through root hair deformation and stimulates cell proliferation in the host’s cortex. (2005)
30. For retting of jute the fermenting microbe used is
(a) methanophilic bacteria
(b) butyric acid bacteria
(c) Helicobacter pylori
(d) Streptococcus lactin.

31. Basophilic prokaryotes
(a) grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments
(b) occur in water containing high concentrations of barium hydroxide
(c) readily grow and divide in sea water enriched in any soluble salt of barium
(d) grow slowly in highly alkaline frozen lakes at high altitudes. (2005)
32. Which statement is correct for bacterial transduction?
(a) Transfer of some genes from one bacteria to another bacteria through virus.
(b) Transfer of genes from one bacteria to another bacteria by conjugation.
(c) Bacteria obtained its DNA directly from mother cell.
(d) Bacteria obtained DNA from other external source. (2002)
33. In bacteria, plasmid is
(a) extra chromosomal material
(b) main DNA
(c) non functional DNA
(d) repetitive gene. (2002)
34. Organisms which obtain energy by the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds are called
(a) photoautotrophs
(b) chemoautotrophs
(c) saprozoic
(d) coproheterotrophs. (2002)
35. What is true for archaebacteria?
(a) All halophiles
(b) All photosynthetics
(c) All fossils
(d) Oldest living beings (2001)
36. Difference in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is due to
(a) cell wall
(b) cell membrane
(c) ribosome
(d) cytoplasm. (2001)
37. Transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another in the transduction process is through
(a) bacteriophages released from the donor bacterial strain
(b) another bacterium having special organ for conjugation
(c) physical contact between donor and recipient strains
(d) conjugation between opposite strain bacterium. (1998)
38. A bacterium divides every 35 minutes. If a culture containing 105 cells per mL is grown for 175 minutes, what will be the cell concentration per mL after 175 minutes?
(a) 35 × 105 cells
(b) 32 × 105 cells
(c) 175 × 105 cells
(d) 85 × 105 cells (1998)
39. The DNA of E.coli is
(a) double stranded and linear
(b) double stranded and circular
(c) single stranded and linear
(d) single stranded and circular. (1998)
40. The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves
(a) chemosynthesis
(b) digestion or breakdown of organic compounds
(c) photosynthesis
(d) assimilation of nitrogenous compounds (1998)
41. A few organisms are known to grow and multiply at temperatures of 100-105o C. They belong to
(a) thermophilic sulphur bacteria
(b) hot spring blue-green algae
(c) methanogenic archaebacteria
(d) marine archaebacteria. (1998)
42. The hereditary material present in the bacterium E.coli is
(a) single-stranded DNA
(b) double-stranded DNA
(c) DNA (d) RNA. (1997)
43. Azotobacter and Bacillus polymyxa are the examples of
(a) pathogenic bacteria
(b) decomposers
(c) symbiotic N2 fixer
(d) non-symbiotic N2 fixer. (1996)
44. What are the sex organs provided in some bacteria?
(a) Sex pili
(b) Plasmid
(c) Circular DNA
(d) Gametes (1996)
45. Which type of DNA is found in bacteria?
(a) Circular free DNA
(b) Membrane bound DNA
(c) Straight DNA
(d) Helical DNA (1996)
46. A large number of organic compounds can be decomposed by
(a) Azotobacter
(b) Chemolithotrophs
(c) Mycoplasma
(d) Pseudomonas. (1995)
47. Many blue-green algae occur in thermal springs (hot-water springs). The temperature tolerance of these algae have been attributed to their
(a) mitochondrial structure
(b) importance of homopolar bonds in their proteins
(c) cell wall structure
(d) modern cell organization. (1994)
48. Organisms, which fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil, fall under the category of
(a) bacteria
(b) green algae
(c) soil fungi
(d) mosses. (1994)
49. Transduction in bacteria is mediated by
(a) plasmid vectors
(b) phage vectors
(c) cosmids
(d) F-factors. (1994)
50. Genopherial genome or nucleoid is made of
(a) histones and non-histones

(b) RNA and histones
(c) a single double stranded DNA
(d) a single stranded DNA. (1993)
51. Escherichia coli is used extensively in biological research as it is
(a) easily cultured
(b) easily available
(c) easy to handle
(d) easily multiplied in host. (1993)
52. Bacteria lack alternation of generation because there is
(a) neither syngamy nor reduction division
(b) distinct chromosomes are absent
(c) no conjugation
(d) no exchange of genetic material. (1992, 1991)
53. Name the organisms which do not derive energy directly or indirectly from sun.
(a) Chemosynthetic bacteria
(b) Pathogenic bacteria
(c) Symbiotic bacteria
(d) Mould (1991)
54. The main difference in Gram (+)ve and Gram (–)ve bacteria resides in their
(a) cell wall
(b) cell membrane
(c) cytoplasm
(d) flagella. (1990)
55. Which one belongs to Monera?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Escherichia
(c) Gelidium
(d) Spirogyra (1990)

2.2 Kingdom Protista

56. Which of the following organisms are known as chief producers in the oceans?
(a) Dinoflagellates
(b) Diatoms
(c) Cyanobacteria
(d) Euglenoids
(NEET 2018)
57. Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in
(a) using flagella for locomotion
(b) having a contractile vacuole forremoving excess water
(c) using pseudopodia for capturing prey
(d) having two types of nuclei. (NEET 2018)
58. Select the wrong statement.
(a) The walls of diatoms are easily destructible.
(b) ‘Diatomaceous earth’ is formed by the cell walls of diatoms.
(c) Diatoms are chief producers in the oceans.
(d) Diatoms are microscopic and float passively in water. (NEET-II 2016)
59. Chrysophytes, Euglenoids, Dinoflagellates and Slime moulds are included in the Kingdom
(a) Fungi
(b) Animalia
(c) Monera
(d) Protista. (NEET-I 2016)
60. In which group of organisms the cell walls form two thin overlapping shells which fit together?
(a) Dinoflagellates
(b) Slime moulds
(c) Chrysophytes
(d) Euglenoids (2015)
61. Which one of the following organisms is not an eukaryote?
(a) Paramecium caudatum
(b) Escherichia coli
(c) Euglena viridis
(d) Amoeba proteus (2011)
62. Which one of the following is a slime mould?
(a) Physarum
(b) Thiobacillus
(c) Anabaena
(d) Rhizopus (2007)
63. Auxospores and hormogonia are formed,
respectively, by
(a) some diatoms and several cyanobacteria
(b) some cyanobacteria and many diatoms
(c) several cyanobacteria and several diatoms
(d) several diatoms and a few cyanobacteria. (2005)
64. When a fresh-water protozoan possessing a contractile vacuole, is placed in a glass containing marine water, the vacuole will
(a) increase in number
(b) disappear
(c) increase in size
(d) decrease in size. (2004)
65. The chief advantage of encystment of an Amoeba is
(a) the ability to survive during adverse physical conditions
(b) the ability to live forsometimewithout ingesting food
(c) protection from parasites and predators
(d) the chance to get rid of accumulated waste products. (2003)
66. In which of the following animals dimorphic nucleus is found?
(a) Amoeba proteus
(b) Trypanosoma gambiense
(c) Plasmodium vivax
(d) Paramecium caudatum (2002)
67. In protozoa like Amoeba and Paramecium, the organ for osmoregulation is
(a) contractile vacuole
(b) mitochondria
(c) nucleus
(d) food vacuole. (2002)
68. Which of the following organisms possesses characteristics of a plant and an animal?
(a) Euglena
(b) Paramecium
(c) Bacteria
(d) Mycoplasma (1995)
69. The function of contractile vacuole, in protozoa, is
(a) osmoregulation
(b) reproduction
(c) locomotion
(d) digestion of food. (1995)
70. The protists have
(a) only free nucleic acid aggregates
(b) membrane bound nucleoproteins lying
embedded in the cytoplasm
(c) gene containing nucleoproteins condensed
together in loose mass
(d) nucleoprotein in direct contact with the rest of the cell substance. (1994)
71. In Amoeba and Paramecium osmoregulation occurs through
(a) pseudopodia
(b) nucleus
(c) contractile vacuole
(d) general surface. (1991)
72. Plasmodium, the malarial parasite, belongs to class
(a) sarcodina
(b) ciliata
(c) sporozoa
(d) dinophyceae. (1990)
73. Which is true about Trypanosoma?
(a) Polymorphic
(b) Monogenetic
(c) Facultative parasite
(d) Non-pathogenic (1990)
74. Genetic information in Paramecium is contained in
(a) micronucleus
(b) macronucleus
(c) both micronucleus and macronucleus
(d) mitochondria. (1990)
75. Trypanosoma belongs to Class
(a) Sarcodina
(b) Zooflagellata
(c) Ciliata
(d) Sporozoa. (1989)

2.3 Kingdom Fungi

76. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread like hyphae.
(b) Morels and truffles are edible delicacies.
(c) Claviceps is a source of many alkaloids and LSD.
(d) Conidia are produced exogenously and
ascospores endogenously. (NEET 2019)
77. Match column -I with column - II.
Column-I Column-II
A. Saprophyte (i) Symbiotic association of
fungi with plant roots
B. Parasite (ii) Decomposition of dead
organic materials
C. Lichens (iii) Living on living plants or
animals
D. Mycorrhiza (iv) Symbiotic association of
algae and fungi
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(c) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv) (NEET 2019)
78. Which among the following is not a prokaryote?
(a) Saccharomyces
(b) Mycobacterium
(c) Nostoc
(d) Oscillatoria (NEET 2018)
79. After karyogamy followed by meiosis, spores are produced exogenously in
(a) Neurospora
(b) Alternaria
(c) Agaricus
(d) Saccharomyces. (NEET 2018)
80. Which one of the following is wrong for fungi?
(a) They are eukaryotic.
(b) All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell wall.
(c) They are heterotrophic.
(d) They are both unicellular and multicellular.(NEET-II 2016)
81. Which one of the following statements is wrong?
(a) Eubacteria are also called false bacteria.
(b) Phycomycetes are also called algal fungi.
(c) Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green algae.
(d) Golden algae are also called desmids (NEET-I 2016)
82. One of the major components of cell wall of most fungi is
(a) cellulose
(b) hemicellulose
(c) chitin
(d) peptidoglycan. (NEET-I 2016)
83. The imperfect fungi which are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling belong to
(a) Phycomycetes
(b) Ascomycetes
(c) Deuteromycetes
(d) Basidiomycetes. (2015)
84. Choose the wrong statement.
(a) Morels and truffles are poisonous mushrooms.
(b) Yeast is unicellular and useful in fermentation.
(c) Penicillium is multicellular and produces antibiotics.
(d) Neurospora is used in the study of biochemical genetics. (2015)
85. Which one of the following matches is correct?
(a) Mucor Reproduction by conjugation Ascomycetes
(b) Agaricus Parasitic fungus Basidiomycetes
(c) Phytophthora Aseptate mycelium Basidiomycetes
(d) Alternaria Sexual reproduction absent
Deuteromycetes (2015 Cancelled)
86. Which one of the following fungi contains hallucinogens?
(a) Morchella esculenta
(b) Amanita muscaria
(c) Neurospora sp.
(d) Ustilago sp. (2014)
87. Which one of the following is true for fungi?
(a) They lack a rigid cell wall.
(b) They are heterotrophs.
(c) They lack nuclear membrane.
(d) They are phagotrophs. (Karnataka NEET 2013)